Recently, a power science popularization platform released an interpretation of basic power knowledge, revealing the operating logic of transformers that every household relies on.
The core of a transformer relies on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and its main body consists of parts: an iron core, a primary winding, and a secondary winding. When alternating current flows into the primary coil, it generates a constantly changing alternating magnetic field; the closed iron confines the magnetic field, and the magnetic flux lines pass through the secondary coil on the other side, inducing a new voltage without the need for a connecting wire.
The voltage level determined by the number of turns in the coils: if the secondary turns are more than the primary, it is a step-up transformer, commonly used for long-distance power from power plants to increase voltage and decrease current, thereby reducing energy loss in the lines; if the secondary turns are fewer, it is a step-down transformer, which includes equipment inations and residential areas, stepping down high voltage of tens of thousands of volts to the 220V civil voltage.
The device has no moving parts and relies solely on magnetic field to complete the transmission of electrical energy, making it a key fundamental piece of equipment for the entire power grid to achieve efficient power transmission and safe electricity use.